Love letter to the Wattpad team: 💌
Plz stop flagging all the diagrams as 'inappropriate.'
Humans legit made ur app, so let us learn about that human body in peace ✨
plz & thx 😘
Love, fellow human beings with the same anatomy as you ♡
...
Learning Objectives: - ANS overview - Sympathetic y parasympathetic divisions - 2 major neuron chain & ANS terminology - ANS Anatomy - Neurotransmitters y receptors
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∴ The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response. This causes an increase in metabolic rate, heart rate, and BP; causes pupillary dilation The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response. This causes a decrease in metabolic rate, heart rate & BP; constricts airways & causes pupil constriction.
ANS The ANS has a two motor neuron chain - Somatic nervous system has a one motor neuron - ANS has two motor neurons that synapse @ an autonomic ganglion in the PNS
🌸 Terminology 🌸 Preganglionic neurons - Cell bodies in the CNS - Axons are called preganglionic fibres Ganglionic Neurons - Cell boddies in on autonomic ganglia (becasue it starts in the ganglia) - Axons are called postganglionic fibres
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🔴🔴BE ABLE TO DRAW THIS FOR BOTH TYPES 🔴🔴
Sympathetic Division - Preganglionic neurons short, post ganglionic are long - Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are in the lateral horn of the spinal cord - thoracic and superior lumbar segments
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∴ Parasympathetic - Ganglia near effector organs - Fibres orgiginate in brain stem & sacral SC - preganglionic: postganglionic = long : short
Sympathetic - Ganglia close to SC - Fibres originate in the thoracic y lumbar SC - Preganglionic:postganglionic = SHort : long
Okay NEXT
Adrenal medullae supplement the sympathetic NS - the chemicals don't act like a neurotransmitter, instead, they go into the blood stream as a hormone
Parasympathetic (surest & digest) - Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are in brain stem and sacred segment of spinal cord. synapse with ganglionic neurons in ganglia that are close to or within target organ
Neurotransmitters of the ANS All preganglionic fibres release Ach - Acetylcholine - Parasympathetic postganglia fibres release Ach - Sympathetic postganglionic fibres = most release NE (norepinephrine) (noradrenaline)
Note: fibres releasing Ach are called cholinergic fibres Fibres releasing norepinephrine are called adrenergic fibres
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Cholinergic receptors Cells that respond to Ach have cholinergic receptors
Receptors / \ Nicotinic. Muscarinic
Nicitinic receptors - all ganglionic neurons Muscarinic receptors - all parasympathetic target organs (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & glands)
Note: - all ganglionic neurons will have nicotinic receptors because all of the preganglionic neurons are releasing Ach - Ach binding to nicotinic receptors is always excitatory - Ach binding to muscarinic receptors can be excitatory OR inhibitory - Target organ might be the heart or the smooth muscle en the lungs.
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∴ All ganglionic neurons in theANS have nicotinic receptors, and all ANS target organs DO NOT have muscarinic receptors
∴ Ach binding to muscarinic receptors in target organs in the parasympathetic ANS is excitatory or inhibitory This is also true for Noreinephherine binding to —— receptors on target organs in the sympathetic ANS. Acetylcholine binding to nicotinic receptors on ——- neurons is always excitatory
Test Yourself:
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Answers:
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