↪️ 𝘕𝘦𝘶𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺 - 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘈𝘕𝘚

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Learning Objectives:
- ANS overview
- Sympathetic y parasympathetic divisions
- 2 major neuron chain & ANS terminology
- ANS Anatomy
- Neurotransmitters y receptors

Learning Objectives: - ANS overview- Sympathetic y parasympathetic divisions - 2 major neuron chain & ANS terminology - ANS Anatomy- Neurotransmitters y receptors

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The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response. This causes an increase in metabolic rate, heart rate, and BP; causes pupillary dilation
The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response. This causes a decrease in metabolic rate, heart rate & BP; constricts airways & causes pupil constriction.

ANS
The ANS has a two motor neuron chain
- Somatic nervous system has a one motor neuron
- ANS has two motor neurons that synapse @ an autonomic ganglion in the PNS

🌸 Terminology 🌸
Preganglionic neurons
- Cell bodies in the CNS
- Axons are called preganglionic fibres
Ganglionic Neurons
- Cell boddies in on autonomic ganglia (becasue it starts in the ganglia)
- Axons are called postganglionic fibres

🌸 Terminology 🌸 Preganglionic neurons      - Cell bodies in the CNS      - Axons are called preganglionic fibres Ganglionic Neurons      - Cell boddies in on autonomic ganglia (becasue it starts in the ganglia)     - Axons are called postganglio...

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🔴🔴BE ABLE TO DRAW THIS FOR BOTH TYPES 🔴🔴

Sympathetic Division
- Preganglionic neurons short, post ganglionic are long
- Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are in the lateral horn of the spinal cord
- thoracic and superior lumbar segments

Sympathetic Division- Preganglionic neurons short, post ganglionic are long - Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are in the lateral horn of the spinal cord - thoracic and superior lumbar segments

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∴Parasympathetic - Ganglia near effector organs - Fibres orgiginate in brain stem & sacral SC- preganglionic: postganglionic= long : short

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Parasympathetic
- Ganglia near effector organs
- Fibres orgiginate in brain stem & sacral SC
- preganglionic: postganglionic
= long : short

Sympathetic
- Ganglia close to SC
- Fibres originate in the thoracic y lumbar SC
- Preganglionic:postganglionic
= SHort : long

Okay NEXT

Adrenal medullae supplement the sympathetic NS
- the chemicals don't act like a neurotransmitter, instead, they go into the blood stream as a hormone

Parasympathetic (surest & digest)
- Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are in brain stem and sacred segment of spinal cord.
synapse with ganglionic neurons in ganglia that are close to or within target organ

Neurotransmitters of the ANS
All preganglionic fibres release Ach - Acetylcholine
- Parasympathetic postganglia fibres release Ach
- Sympathetic postganglionic fibres = most release NE (norepinephrine) (noradrenaline)

Note: fibres releasing Ach are called cholinergic fibres
Fibres releasing norepinephrine are called adrenergic fibres

Note: fibres releasing Ach are called cholinergic fibres Fibres releasing norepinephrine are called adrenergic fibres

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Cholinergic receptors
Cells that respond to Ach have cholinergic receptors

Receptors
/ \
Nicotinic. Muscarinic

Nicitinic receptors
- all ganglionic neurons
Muscarinic receptors
- all parasympathetic target organs (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & glands)

Note:
- all ganglionic neurons will have nicotinic receptors because all of the preganglionic neurons are releasing Ach
- Ach binding to nicotinic receptors is always excitatory
- Ach binding to muscarinic receptors can be excitatory OR inhibitory
- Target organ might be the heart or the smooth muscle en the lungs.

∴ All ganglionic neurons in theANS have nicotinic receptors, and all ANS target organs DO NOT have muscarinic receptors

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∴ All ganglionic neurons in theANS have nicotinic receptors, and all ANS target organs DO NOT have muscarinic receptors

∴ Ach binding to muscarinic receptors in target organs in the parasympathetic ANS is excitatory or inhibitory
This is also true for Noreinephherine binding to —— receptors on target organs in the sympathetic ANS.  Acetylcholine binding to nicotinic receptors on ——- neurons is always excitatory

Test Yourself:

 Test Yourself:

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Answers:

Answers:

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