Filming

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Film set for Captain America: The Winter Soldier on the .

began on April 1, 2013, at the Raleigh Manhattan Beach Studios in Los Angeles, under the Freezer Burn. Scenes taking place on the Lemurian Star were filmed on the , docked in . In early May, confirmed he would return as Howard Stark. On May 14, 2013, production moved to Washington, D.C. with filming taking place at the and the . The following day, was spotted on set reprising his role of Senator Stern. Other filming locations in Washington, D.C. included the and .

Filming in Cleveland began on May 17 and was scheduled to last until mid-June with locations scheduled on the , the Southerly Wastewater Treatment Plant in and the Lakeview Cemetery Dam. Cleveland was chosen as a stand-in for Washington, D.C, with the city's East 6th Street doubling as 7th and D Streets in Other locations in Cleveland included the , the , , the , , the , and the . Interior shots were also filmed inside private homes and the in . Filming in Cleveland concluded on June 27, 2013.

, best known for his work on and , was brought in as the . Opaloch stated that while attempting to emulate the 1970s thrillers that served as inspiration for the writers and directors, the staging and lighting tried to bring realism through "classic framing and naturalistic lighting", and the filming was done with . To achieve this, Opaloch used cameras with lenses and recorders. Stunt work aimed for realistic action, prioritizing practical effects. The fight scenes were staged for months, with a choreography that aimed to highlight Captain America's superhuman qualities, and "move away from impressionistic action into specificity": the raid on the S.H.I.E.L.D. vessel had stealthiness as the Captain knocked out enemies to avert detection, and the freeway fight with Winter Soldier was more "last minute" to highlight the characters' struggle to survive.

In contrast to the quick editing and moving cameras of modern action films, The Winter Soldier aimed to feature longer action scenes that felt more visceral and dangerous. The Russos mentioned the bank robbing scene of as a major influence, which they described as "the most intense eight minutes of filmmaking I've seen in a movie theater", and action scenes directed by , such as the vault heist in , where "very likable characters are put in impossible situations that the audience is put on the edge on how they'd escape". Examples of these types of scenes include the ambushes on Nick Fury in the street and Captain America in the elevator.

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