Pronouns

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Independent Pronouns:

Use oso to include the person the speaker is addressing; use osir to exclude the person the speaker is addressing

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Use oso to include the person the speaker is addressing; use osir to exclude the person the speaker is addressing. Use du when the person or thing referred to is held in disdain or contempt, or to mean "someone".


Yumi is a third "first person plural" pronoun, and literally means "you-and-me."

- ai laik Skayon "I am a Sky-Person"

- oso laik raunon "we are [all] people" (oso includes the addressee)

- osir laik gona, ba yu laik fisa "we are warriors, but you are a healer" (osir excludes the addressee)

- yumi na chich oso heda op "you and I will talk to our commander"

- yu laik fisa "you are a healer"

- yo na gon raun "you-all will fight"

- em ste yuj "he is strong"

- du ste kwelen "he is weak" (du indicates that "he" is not respected or liked by the speaker)

- emo don hon sobwe-de op "they found the tunnel"

- du ste torch ai op "they are torturing me"

- du na hon em op "someone will find it"


Possessive Pronouns:

The pairs of pronouns in the cells above indicate whether the thing being referred to is singular or plural

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The pairs of pronouns in the cells above indicate whether the thing being referred to is singular or plural.

- dison laik ain "this is mine"

- dison laik omon "these are mine"

- dison laik oson "this/these is/are ours (not you)" "this/these is/are ours (all of us)"

- dison laik yun "this is yours"

- dison laik oyun "these are yours"

- dison laik yon "this is y'all's"

- dison laik oyon "these are y'all's"

- dison laik emon "this is his/hers/its/theirs"

- dison laik omon "these are his/hers/its/theirs"

- dison laik omon "these are his/hers/its/theirs"

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