Learning Korean (한국어 배우기) [COMPLETE]

Unit 1.8 - Korean Adv / Negative Sentences

Nouns:
기계 = machine
외국 = foreign country
외국인 = foreigner
도서관 = library

Verbs:
놀다 = to play
쓰다 = to use
쓰다 = to write
실수하다 = to make a mistake
수리하다 = to repair
잡다 = to catch, to grab, to grasp
읽다 = to read
도착하다 = to arrive
여행하다 = to travel

Adjectives:
완벽하다 = to be perfect
아프다 = to be sick, to be sore
똑똑하다 = to be smart
중요하다 = to be important
젊다 = to be young
늙다 = to be old
나이가 많다 = to be old
나쁘다 = to be bad

Adverbs:
바로 = immediately
즉시 = immediately
빨리 = quickly/fast
자주 = often
가끔 = sometimes
많이 = many/a lot of
방금 = a moment ago
곳 = place
동시에 = same time
밤 = night
어젯밤 = last night
갑자기 = suddenly
매년 = every year
다시 = again
혼자 = alone
낮 = daytime

(Yes... there isnt any pronunciation. U shud be able to read by now. Still, if u dont plz ask. Also if u r not sure if the pronunciation is correct.. ask. If u think u know.. ask. Unless u are certain.. plz ask.)

Korean Adverbs

To this point, you have studied Korean verbs and adjectives in great depth, but you have yet to learn much about Korean adverbs. First of all, what is an adverb? Adverbs are words in sentences that tell you when, where, or to what degree something is being done.

When: I went to work on Tuesday
Where: I am inside the house
Degree: I opened the door quickly

When and Where

Anytime you put a word in a sentence that indicates when or where something is taking place, you must add the particle 에 to the end of that word.
Keep in mind that 에 is not the only particle that can go at the end of words of position or time. There are other particles that can go at the end of these words to indicate from when/where something occurred, until when/where, etc.
But for now lets just talk about 에.

This is very important. Even though all places are also nouns, when they are being talked about as a place, the particle 에 must be attached to them. Notice the difference between the following two sentences:

저는 병원을 지었어요 = I built a hospital
저는 병원에 갔어요 = I went to the/a hospital

In the first sentence, "hospital" is the thing in which you are building - so it is an object, which requires you to use the 을/를 particle.
In the second sentence, the hospital is the place in which you went to - so it is a place, which requires it to have the 에 particle.

However, if you wanted to say where you built that hospital, you could say this:

저는 병원을 공원 옆에 지었어요
= I built a hospital beside the park

In addition to this, any word that indicates when something is taking place, needs have the Korean particle 에 attached to it. For example:

저는 화요일에 가겠어요
= I will go on Tuesday

저는 저녁에 공부했어요
= I studied in the evening

The best part about Korean adverbs are that they can essentially be placed at any place in the sentence. The only place they cannot be placed is at the end of the sentence - because a sentence must always end in an adjective or verb. They could even be placed at the beginning of a sentence:

여름에 저는 공부하겠어요
= I will study in the summer

*Don't add ~에 when using 오늘 (today), 내일 (tomorrow) and 어제 (yesterday):

저는 한국에 오늘 도착했어요
= I arrived in Korea today

어제 저는 도서관에 갔어요
= I went to the library yesterday

저는 내일 한국어를 공부하겠어요
= I will study Korean tomorrow.

To what degree/How much

In addition to "when" and "where" adverbs, many adverbs can tell us to what degree something is being done. These adverbs usually (but not always) end in 'ly' in English:

I ran really quickly
I ate fast
I left immediately
I often meet my friend on Thursday
I eat too much sometimes

When adding these types of adverbs to sentences, no particle needs to be attached.

While other adverbs are generally free to be placed anywhere in a sentence, adverbs like this that indicate a degree to which something is done are typically placed immediately before the verb. For example:

저는 제 친구를 자주 만나요
= I meet my friend often

저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요
= I ate a lot of food (rice)

저는 집에 바로 갔어요
= I went home immediately

저는 숙제를 빨리 했어요
= I did my homework quickly

Also, many of these words are just transferred from their adjective forms to create an adverb. This is done in English as well, for example:

Quick -> Quickly
Easy -> Easily
Quiet -> Quietly

A lot of adverbs in Korean are simply made by adding '게' to the stem of an adjective:

Adjective Adverb
쉽다 = easy 쉽게 = easily
비슷하다 = similar 비슷하게 = similarly
다르다 = different 다르게 = differently

Adjectives that end in 하다 are sometimes changed into adverbs by changing 하다 to 히. With most adjectives you can either add 게 to the stem or 히 with no difference in meaning. The only thing I can suggest is try to listen to which one is said in a specific situation, because even Korean people don't know the answer to the question "what is the difference between 조용하게 and 조용히":

Adjective Adverb
조용하다 = quiet 조용하게/조용히 = quietly
안전하다 = safe 안전하게/안전히 = safely

Finally, some adjectives are changed into adverbs in a different way. When this happens, they are usually very similar to their original adjective form:

Adjective Adverb
많다 = many 많이 = many/a lot*
빠르다 = quick/fast 빨리 = quickly

* 많다/많이 essentially have the same meaning aside from the fact that one is an adverb and one is an adjective. Most of the time, the difference between the adjective and adverb form is very clear, but with 많이/많다, the meaning is similar. See the following:

저는 많은 밥을 먹었어요 = I ate a lot of rice
저는 밥을 많이 먹었어요 = I ate a lot of rice.

Now that you know ALL that, using adverbs in sentences is easy as pie!:

저는 조용하게 먹었어요
= I ate quietly

저는 거리를 안전하게 건넜어요
= I crossed the street safely

저는 행복하게 살았어요
= I lived happily

You can, of course, use more than one adjective in a sentence. To look at the list I showed you earlier:

저는 매우 빨리 달렸어요
= I ran really quickly

저는 저의 친구를 목요일에 자주 만나요
= I often meet my friend on Thursday

저는 가끔 너무 많이 먹어요
= I eat too much sometimes

Though you can do that, using two adjectives that indicate the 'degree of something' is generally not done in Korean. For example, this would sound awkward:

저는 쉽게 빨리 거리를 건넜어요
= I easily quickly crossed the street (It's also awkward in English!)

Continue - Unit 1.8 (2)